Open Access Peer Review Status on Multiverse Cosmology

Special Issue "The Multiverse"

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ana Alonso-Serrano
Email Website
Invitee Editor

Max Planck Found for Gravitational Physics (Albert-Einstein-Found) Potsdam, Brandenburg, Federal republic of germany
Interests: high-energy physics; general relativity; breakthrough field theory; special and general relativity; quantum physics; cosmology; gravitational physics; fundamental physics; quantum cosmology; black holes; wormholes; universe; multiverse; thermodynamics; relativistic quantum data; philosophy of scientific discipline
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Mariusz P. Dąbrowski
Email Website
Guest Editor

Szczecin Cosmology Grouping, Found of Physics, University of Szczecin, Wielkopolska 15, 70-451 Szczecin, Poland
Interests: general relativity and cosmology; culling gravities; superstring and brane cosmology; quantum cosmology; standard and not-standard cosmological singularities; varying constants (theory, observations, experiment); superstring landscape and the multiverse; quantum gravity phenomenology; cosmological and black hole horizon entropy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Thomas Naumann
E-mail Website
Guest Editor

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee vi, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
Interests: Particle physics and its connections to astrophysics and cosmology, multiverse, anthropic principle

Special Upshot Information

Dear Colleagues,

The idea of the Multiverse, as a drove of possible universes, has entered the area of physics and cosmology for good. Max Tegmark distinguished four levels of this very notion, starting from a collection of standard inflationary patches of space-time to finally defining information technology as a collection of all possible mathematical entities. The term 'Multiverse' was kickoff suggested by a philosopher—William James—who said ''Visible nature is all plasticity and indifference, A MULTIVERSE, every bit one might call it, and not a universe'' (''Is life worth living?'', International Periodical of Ethics half-dozen, 10 (1895)).

The diversity of possible concrete shapes of a universe within the multiverse tin exist interpreted in terms of diversity of possible ways to cull physical parameters and can be related to the issue of varying physical constants and varying physical laws. One arroyo is given by the superstring theory which led physicists to an idea of superstring landscape or many means to choose the vacua after the symmetry breaking. An important idea related to the Multiverse is the Anthropic Principle which, despite being in some sense tautological, can give some insight and possible constraints onto the nature of the physics we feel here in 'Our Universe' whatever it is.

Anyhow, one can consider the studies related to the concept of the Multiverse as a new revolution that tin can change the current paradigm in cosmology. It tin can exist understood equally the adjacent pace in the Copernican transit, where our habitat has lost relevance gradually every bit unique or special. As it was already mentioned, the notion of the multiverse emerges naturally from some developments in cosmology and particle physics. It is not a theory by itself, so, there is not a closed scenario or definition of information technology. Information technology always depends on the definition of what nosotros mean under the notion of the universe (cf. Max's Tegmark discussion).

However, operationally it seems that the consideration of the idea of the multiverse can provide a solution to several open problems in physics. So we are interested in the unlike approaches and proposals regarding this issue. The most important point in lodge to make it a physical theory is the possibility to falsify this idea by some observational or experimental data. This seems to be the biggest claiming of the multiverse hypothesis.

Hoping information technology will serve every bit a basic and updated reference, this Special Issue will embrace all current research avenues on the heady runway to the Multiverse starting from philosophy, throughout the theory, to its possible observational verification. The post-obit topics will exist the core of the volume:

general ideas, history or philosophy, Multiverse from string theory and pocket universes, cyclic universes, chaotic inflation and bubble universes, mediocrity principle and probability theory, classical and quantum multiverse, varying constants and culling theories, observability and falsifiability of the thought of the Multiverse and related topics.

We hope you volition enjoy writing and subsequently reading the nerveless articles.

Yours sincerely,

Dr. Ana Alonso-Serrano
Prof. Dr. Mariusz P. Dąbrowski
Prof. Dr. Thomas Naumann
Invitee Editors

Manuscript Submission Data

Manuscripts should exist submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once yous are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts tin be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will exist published continuously in the periodical (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special effect website. Inquiry articles, review manufactures too as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and brusque abstract (about 100 words) tin be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be nether consideration for publication elsewhere (except briefing proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review procedure. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors folio. Universe is an international peer-reviewed open up access monthly journal published past MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors folio before submitting a manuscript. Submitted papers should exist well formatted and use good English. Authors may apply MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (11 papers)

Editorial

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Open Access Editorial

Post-Editorial of "The Multiverse" Special Volume

Cited by 2 | Viewed past 922

Abstruse

A succesful series of papers devoted to various aspects of an idea of the Multiverse have been gathered together and presented to the readers. In this post-editorial we briefly challenge the content referring to the master problems dealt with past the Authors. We [...] Read more.

A succesful series of papers devoted to diverse aspects of an thought of the Multiverse have been gathered together and presented to the readers. In this post-editorial we briefly challenge the content referring to the main issues dealt with by the Authors. Nosotros hope that this will inspire other investigators for designing future tests which could make this very notion of the Multiverse falsifiable. Total article

(This article belongs to the Special Result The Multiverse)

Inquiry

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Open Access Editor's Choice Commodity

Conceptual Challenges on the Road to the Multiverse

Cited past 7 | Viewed by 1890

Abstract

The electric current contend about a possible modify of paradigm from a single universe to a multiverse scenario could have deep implications on our view of cosmology and of scientific discipline in general. These implications therefore deserve to be analyzed from a central conceptual level. [...] Read more.

The electric current debate almost a possible change of paradigm from a unmarried universe to a multiverse scenario could have deep implications on our view of cosmology and of science in general. These implications therefore deserve to be analyzed from a fundamental conceptual level. Nosotros briefly review the unlike multiverse ideas, both historically and within contemporary physics. We then discuss several positions within philosophy of science with regard to scientific progress, and apply these to the multiverse debate. Finally, we construct some key concepts for a concrete multiverse scenario and talk over the challenges this scenario has to deal with in social club to provide a solid, testable theory. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Multiverse)

Open Access Article

Possible Origins and Properties of an Expanding, Dark Energy Providing Dark Multiverse

Cited past three | Viewed by 1174

Abstract

The model of a multiverse is advanced, which endows subuniverses like ours with space and time and imparts to their matter all data about the physical laws. It expands driven by dark energy (DE), which is felt in our Universe (U) past mass [...] Read more.

The model of a multiverse is avant-garde, which endows subuniverses like ours with space and fourth dimension and imparts to their affair all information nearly the physical laws. Information technology expands driven past dark free energy (DE), which is felt in our Universe (U) by mass input and expansion–acceleration. This night multiverse (DM) owes its origin to a creatio ex nihilo, described in previous work by a tunneling process in quasi-classical approximation. Here, this origin is treated again in the context of breakthrough gravity (QG) by solving a Wheeler de Witt (WdW) equation. Different than usual, the minisuperspace employed is not spanned by the expansion parameter a but by the volume

$2{\pi }^{\mathrm{two}}{a}^{\mathrm{iii}}$

. This not simply modifies the WdW-equation, but as well probabilities and solution properties. A "soft entry" can serve the aforementioned purpose as a tunneling process. Sections of solutions are identified, which evidence qualitative features of a volume-quantisation, admitting without a stringent quantitative definition. A timeless, spatially four-dimensional primordial country is also treated, modifying a land proposed past Hartle and Hawking (HH). For the later classical development, elaborated in earlier papers, a wave function is calculated and linked to the solutions for the quantum government (QR). Information technology is interpreted to mean that the expansion of the DM gain in submicroscopic leaps. Further results are too derived for the classical solutions. Full article

(This commodity belongs to the Special Event The Multiverse)

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Open Admission Article

Multiverse Predictions for Habitability: Fraction of Life That Develops Intelligence

Cited past 6 | Viewed by 1132

Abstract

Practise mass extinctions affect the development of intelligence? If and so, we may expect to be in a universe that is exceptionally placid. We consider the furnishings of impacts, supervolcanoes, global glaciations, and nearby gamma ray bursts, and how their rates depend on fundamental [...] Read more.

Practice mass extinctions bear on the development of intelligence? If and so, nosotros may wait to be in a universe that is exceptionally placid. Nosotros consider the effects of impacts, supervolcanoes, global glaciations, and nearby gamma ray bursts, and how their rates depend on fundamental constants. It is interesting that despite the very disparate nature of these processes, each occurs on timescales of 100 Myr-Gyr. Nosotros argue that this is due to a selection consequence that favors both tranquil locales within our universe, likewise as tranquil universes. Taking gamma ray bursts to be the sole driver of mass extinctions is disfavored in multiverse scenarios, as the charge per unit is much lower for different values of the fundamental constants. In contrast, geological causes of extinction are very compatible with the multiverse. Various frameworks for the furnishings of extinctions are investigated, and the intermediate disturbance hypothesis is found to exist nearly uniform with the multiverse. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Multiverse)

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Open Access Commodity

Multiverse Predictions for Habitability: Fraction of Planets that Develop Life

Cited by seven | Viewed by 1304

Abstract

In a multiverse context, determining the probability of existence in our item universe depends on estimating its overall habitability compared to other universes with different values of the central constants. One of the most important factors in determining this is the fraction of [...] Read more.

In a multiverse context, determining the probability of existence in our particular universe depends on estimating its overall habitability compared to other universes with different values of the cardinal constants. One of the well-nigh important factors in determining this is the fraction of planets that really develop life, and how this depends on planetary conditions. Many proposed possibilities for this are incompatible with the multiverse: if the emergence of life depends on the lifetime of its host star, the size of the habitable planet, or the amount of material processed, the chances of existence in our universe would exist very low. If the emergence of life depends on the entropy absorbed past the planet, however, our position in this universe is very natural. Several proposed models for the subsequent evolution of life, including the hard pace model and several planetary oxygenation models, are besides shown to be incompatible with the multiverse. If any of these are observed to play a big role in determining the distribution of life throughout our universe, the multiverse hypothesis volition be ruled out to loftier significance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Upshot The Multiverse)

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Open up Access Article

Multiverse Predictions for Habitability: Number of Potentially Habitable Planets

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1194

Abstract

How good is our universe at making habitable planets? The answer to this depends on which factors are important for life: Does a planet need to be Earth mass? Does information technology need to be inside the temperate zone? are systems with hot Jupiters [...] Read more than.

How good is our universe at making habitable planets? The answer to this depends on which factors are important for life: Does a planet need to be Earth mass? Does it demand to be inside the temperate zone? are systems with hot Jupiters habitable? Hither, we adopt different stances on the importance of each of these criteria to determine their effects on the probabilities of measuring the observed values of several physical constants. We find that the presence of planets is a generic feature throughout the multiverse, and for the near part conditioning on their item properties does not alter our conclusions much. Nosotros find conflict with multiverse expectations if planetary size is important and it is found to be uncorrelated with stellar mass, or the mass distribution is too steep. The being of a temperate circumstellar zone places tight lower premises on the fine structure constant and electron to proton mass ratio. Full article

(This commodity belongs to the Special Consequence The Multiverse)

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Open up Access Article

Multiverse Predictions for Habitability: The Number of Stars and Their Properties

Cited by eight | Viewed by 1183

Abstract

In a multiverse setting, we expect to exist situated in a universe that is exceptionally good at producing life. Though the atmospheric condition for what life needs to arise and thrive are currently unknown, many will be tested in the coming decades. Here we [...] Read more.

In a multiverse setting, we look to exist situated in a universe that is exceptionally practiced at producing life. Though the atmospheric condition for what life needs to ascend and thrive are currently unknown, many will exist tested in the coming decades. Hither we investigate several different habitability criteria, and their influence on multiverse expectations: Does complex life demand photosynthesis? Is there a minimum timescale necessary for development? Tin life arise on tidally locked planets? Are convective stars habitable? Variously adopting different stances on each of these criteria tin alter whether our observed values of the fine structure constant, the electron to proton mass ratio, and the strength of gravity are typical to loftier significance. This serves as a way of generating predictions for the requirements of life that can exist tested with hereafter observations, any of which could falsify the multiverse scenario. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Effect The Multiverse)

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Open Access Article

Multiverse—Besides Much or Not Plenty?

Cited past 5 | Viewed by 1585

Abstract

The aim of this essay is to look at the thought of the multiverse—not and so much from the standpoint of physics or cosmology, simply rather from a philosophical perspective. The modernistic story of the multiverse began with Leibniz. Although he treated "other worlds" [...] Read more.

The aim of this essay is to wait at the idea of the multiverse—not so much from the standpoint of physics or cosmology, but rather from a philosophical perspective. The modern story of the multiverse began with Leibniz. Although he treated "other worlds" as mere possibilities, they played an important role in his logic. In a somewhat similar manner, the practise of cosmology presupposes a consideration of an infinite number of universes, each existence represented by a solution to Einstein'due south equations. This arroyo prepared the way to the consideration of "other universes" which actually exist, beginning as an auxiliary concept in discussing the and so-chosen anthropic principle, and so equally real universes, the existence of which were supposed to solve some cosmological conundrums. From the betoken of view of the philosophy of scientific discipline, the question is: Could the explanatory ability of a multiverse credo compensate for the relaxation of empirical control over then many directly unobservable entities? Information technology is no surprise that appealing to a possibly infinite number of "other universes" in gild to explain some regularities in our world would seem "as well much" for a self-disciplined philosopher. With no strict empirical command at our disposal, it is logic that must be our guide. Also, what if logic changes from one world to another in the multiverse? Such a possibility is suggested by the category theory. From this betoken of view, our present concepts of the multiverse are certainly "non enough". Should this be read every bit a alarm that the learned imagination can lead u.s. as well far into the realms of mere possibilities? Full commodity

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Multiverse)

Review

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Open Access Review

The String Theory Mural

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2426

Abstract

String/M theory is formulated in 10 and 11 space-time dimensions; in social club to describe our universe, we must postulate that six or seven of the spatial dimensions form a small compact manifold. In 1985, Candelas et al. showed that by taking the actress [...] Read more.

String/M theory is formulated in 10 and xi infinite-time dimensions; in order to draw our universe, nosotros must postulate that 6 or seven of the spatial dimensions class a small meaty manifold. In 1985, Candelas et al. showed that by taking the extra dimensions to be a Calabi–Yau manifold, i could obtain the k unified theories which had previously been postulated as extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics. Over the years since, many more such compactifications were found. In the early 2000s, progress in nonperturbative cord theory enabled computing the judge effective potential for many compactifications, and it was institute that they accept metastable local minima with minor cosmological constant. Thus, cord/M theory appears to have many vacuum configurations which could describe our universe. By combining results on these vacua with a measure factor derived using the theory of eternal inflation, 1 gets a theoretical framework which realizes earlier ideas about the multiverse, including the anthropic solution to the cosmological constant problem. We review these arguments and some of the criticisms, with their implications for the prediction of low free energy supersymmetry and hidden affair sectors, every bit well equally recent work on a variation on eternal inflation theory motivated by computational complication considerations. Total article

(This commodity belongs to the Special Result The Multiverse)

Open Access Review

Anthropic Pick of Physical Constants, Quantum Entanglement, and the Multiverse Falsifiability

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1767

Abstract

This paper evaluates some important aspects of the multiverse concept. Firstly, the most realistic opportunity for it which is the spacetime variability of the physical constants and may deliver worlds with unlike physics, hopefully fulfilling the weather condition of the anthropic principles. And then, more [...] Read more.

This paper evaluates some of import aspects of the multiverse concept. Firstly, the most realistic opportunity for information technology which is the spacetime variability of the physical constants and may deliver worlds with unlike physics, hopefully fulfilling the conditions of the anthropic principles. And so, more esoteric versions of the multiverse existence the realisation of some abstruse mathematics or fifty-fifty logic (cf. newspaper by One thousand. Heller in this volume). Finally, information technology evaluates the big challenge of getting any signal from "other universes" using recent achievements of the quantum theory. Full commodity

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Multiverse)

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Open Access Review

Time Reversal Symmetry in Cosmology and the Creation of a Universe–Antiuniverse Pair

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1478

Abstract

The classical evolution of the universe can be seen as a parametrised worldline of the minisuperspace, with the time variable t being the parameter that parametrises the worldline. The fourth dimension reversal symmetry of the field equations implies that for whatsoever positive oriented solution [...] Read more.

The classical evolution of the universe tin be seen equally a parametrised worldline of the minisuperspace, with the fourth dimension variable t beingness the parameter that parametrises the worldline. The fourth dimension reversal symmetry of the field equations implies that for whatsoever positive oriented solution there tin can be a symmetric negative oriented one that, in terms of the aforementioned time variable, respectively stand for an expanding and a contracting universe. However, the option of the time variable induced by the right value of the Schrödinger equation in the 2 universes makes information technology so that their physical time variables can be reversely related. In that instance, the two universes would both be expanding universes from the perspective of their internal inhabitants, who identify affair with the particles that move in their spacetimes and antimatter with the particles that motility in the time reversely symmetric universe. If the assumptions considered are consistent with a realistic scenario of our universe, the creation of a universe–antiuniverse pair might explain two main and related problems in cosmology: the time asymmetry and the primordial matter–antimatter disproportion of our universe. Full commodity

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Multiverse)

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Source: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/universe/special_issues/the_multiverse

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